Satellites are launched with a set motion in their orbit. Since space hasno atmosphere there is no force to add friction. Hence, the satellite keeps in motion as per Newton's first law of motion. ... As the satellite approaches a planet its speed is increased due to the planets gravity.
A satellite rotates around the earth by using earth's gravitational force as centripetal force. Also as there is no air in space, it does not have to work against air resistance. Hence it doesn't lose any energy while rotating. So it does not require fuel to rotate around the earth.