Question

A scientific instrument used to detect the charge on a body is known as:

Answer 1

Explanation,

1. The scientific instrument known as an electroscope is only used to determine the amount of charge on the conductor.
2. The charge can be measured quantitatively and the instrument is called an electrometer.
3. Due to the Coulomb electrostatic force on it, the charge is detected by the movement of a test object.
4. A pair of metal leaves hanging from the bottom of the connecting rod is connected to an electroscope which is made up of a metal detector knob on top,

Working of Electroscope

1. The working principle of an electroscope is based on the atomic structure of elements, charge induction, the internal structure of metal elements and the idea that like charges repel each other while unlike charges attract each other.
2. An electroscope is made up of a metal detector knob on top, which is connected to a pair of metal leaves hanging from the bottom of the connecting rod. When no charge is present, the metal leaves hang loosely downward. But, when an object with a charge is brought near an electroscope, one of the two things can happen.
3. When the charge is positive, electrons in the metal of the electroscope are attracted to the charge and move upward out of the leaves. This results in the leaves having a temporary positive charge, and because like charges repel, the leaves separate. When the charge is removed, the electrons return to their original positions, and the leaves relax.
4. When the charge is negative, the electrons in the metal of the electroscope repel and move toward the leaves on the bottom. This causes the leaves to gain a temporary negative charge, and because like charges repel, the leaves again separate. Then when the charge is removed, the electrons return to their original position, and the leaves relax.or, it needs a reference capacitor.

Hence, a scientific instrument used to detect the charge on a body is known as Electroscope.