A small magnetised needle $P$ placed at point $O$ and the arrow shows the direction of its magnetic moment. The other arrow shows different position and orientation of another identical magnets ( $Q$ ). In which configuration the system is not in equilibrium?
(c) Which configuration corresponds to the lowest potential energy among all the configurations shown?

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Solution

For any configuration where the needles $P$ and $Q$ are not parallel or antiparallel to each other, they will not be in equilibrium.
hence, for configuration $P Q_{1}$ and $P Q_{2}$ they will not be in equilibrium.

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For any configuration where the needles P and Q are not parallel or antiparallel to each other, they will not be in equilibrium.hence, for configuration PQ1 and PQ2 they will not be in equilibrium.

For any configuration where the needles $P$ and $Q$ are not parallel or antiparallel to each other, they will not be in equilibrium.
hence, for configuration $P Q_{1}$ and $P Q_{2}$ they will not be in equilibrium.