A small part of the shoot of a plant is removed with a sharp knife. When the lower end of this small part of the shoot is buried in moist soil, it gradually develops roots and shoots and grows to become a new plant.
(a) What is the name of this method of propagating plants?
(b) What care should be taken while removing a small part of the shoot from the parent plant with a knife?
(c) Name any two plants which provide us with food directly or indirectly and are grown by this method.
(d) Give one advantage of this method of producing new plants.
(e) State whether it is a sexual method of reproduction or an asexual method. Why?
(f) What special name can be given to the genetically identical new plants produced by this technique?

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Solution

(a) This method of propagating plant is known as cutting.
(b) While removing a small part of the shoot from the parent plant using a knife, one has to be careful about the fact that the shoot has some buds on it.
(c) Sugarcane and banana are those two plants which are propagated by this method, and are consumed as food.
(d) Using this method, many new plants can be produced from one plant. This is one of the advantages of this method.
(e) This is an asexual method of reproduction, as it involves only one parent and no gamete formation.
(f) The genetically identical plants produced by this method are called clones.

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A scientist removed some cells from the growing point of a plant and placed them in a suitable medium leading to the formation of a shapeless lump of mass X. X is then transferred to another medium which stimulates it to develop roots. When X with developed roots is placed in yet another medium, then it develops shoots to form tiny plantlets. These plantlets can then be transplanted in pots or soil where they can grow to form mature plants.
(a) What is the shapeless lump of mass X known as?
(b) What name is given to this method of producing new plants?
(c) The growth medium used in this method contains plant nutrients in the form of a 'jelly'. Name this jelly.
(d) What is the general name of chemicals used to stimulate the growth of plant cells and the development of roots and shoots?
(e) Name any two plants which are produced by this method.
(f) State any two advantages of this method of producing plants.
(g) What is the other name of this method [other than that given in (b) above]?

(a) What is a 'cutting' in respect of plants for propagation purposes?
(b) What care should be taken while making a cutting from a plant?
(c) Describe the cuttings method for the artificial propagation of plants. Illustrate your answer with the help of labelled diagrams.
(d) Name any two plants which are usually propagated by the cuttings method.

A thickened underground stem X of a plant which is swollen with stored food has a number of points Y on its surface. When the old stem X is planted in the soil of a field in the next growing season, then each point Y present on its surface grows into a new plant.
(a) What is the general name of the underground stems like X?
(b) Give one example of X.
(c) What are the points Y present on X was known as?
(d) Is it necessary to plant the whole of stem X in the ground to obtain its new plants? Explain your answer.
(e) What is the name of this method of reproduction of plants?
(f) What is the advantage of growing new plants from the underground stems like X?

Q. A thickened underground stem X of a plant which is swollen with stored food has a number of points Y on its surface. When the old stem X is planted in the soil of a field in the next growing season, then each point Y present on its surface grows into a new plant.
(a) What is the general name of the underground stems like X?
(b) Give one example of X.
(c) What are points Y present on X known as?
(d) Is it necessary to plant the whole of stem X in the ground to obtain its new plants? Explain your answer.
(e) What is the name of this method of reproduction of plants?
(f) What is the advantage of growing new plants from the underground stems like X?

Q. (a) What is meant by 'grafting' as a means of propagation in plants?
(b) Define 'stock' and 'scion'.
(c) Describe the grafting method for the artificial propagation of plants with the help of labelled diagrams.
(d) Name two fruit trees which are usually propagated by grafting method.
(e) State two advantages of grafting method of artificial propagation of plants.
(f) What is the difference between the cuttings method and grafting method for the artificial propagation of plants?

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