(a) State any three differences between the physical properties of metal and non-metals.
(b) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties.
(c) State three reasons (of which at least one must be chemical) for believing that sodium is a metal.
(d) State three reasons (of which at least one must be chemical) for believing that sulphur is a non - metal.
(e) Which non-metal has been placed in the reactivity series of metal?
(a) State any three differences between the physical properties of metal and non-metals.
(b) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties.
(c) State three reasons (of which at least one must be chemical) for believing that sodium is a metal.
(d) State three reasons (of which at least one must be chemical) for believing that sulphur is a non - metal.
(e) Which non-metal has been placed in the reactivity series of metal?
(a)
Physical properties Metal Non-metal (i) Malleability and ductility Metals are malleable and ductile. Non-metals are not malleable and ductile. (ii) Hard and tough Metals are hard and tough. Non-metals are soft. (iii) Conductivity of heat and electricity Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
(b)
Chemical properties Metals Non-metals (i) Reaction with oxygen Metals reacts with oxygen to form basic oxides. Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides. (ii) Reaction with water Metals react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas Non-metals do not react with water. (iii) Reaction with dilute acid Metals react with dilute acids to form metal salts and they displace hydrogen from acids. Non-metals do not react with dilute acids.
(c) (i) Sodium reacts violently with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, which is the property of a metal.
(ii) Sodium reacts with dilute acids and displaces hydrogen gas from the acids and forms sodium salt, which is the property of a metal.
(iii) Sodium exists in a solid state at room temperature, which is the property of a metal.
(d) (i) Sulphur is not lustrous, which shows that it is a non-metal.
(ii) Sulphur is a non-sonorous material, which shows that it is a non-metal.
(iii) Sulphur reacts with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide that is acidic in nature. This shows that it is a non-metal.
(e) Hydrogen is the non-metal that has been placed in the reactivity series of metals because it loses electrons to form positive ions (H+) like metals.
(a)
| Physical properties | Metal | Non-metal |
| (i) Malleability and ductility | Metals are malleable and ductile. | Non-metals are not malleable and ductile. |
| (ii) Hard and tough | Metals are hard and tough. | Non-metals are soft. |
| (iii) Conductivity of heat and electricity | Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. | Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. |
(b)
| Chemical properties | Metals | Non-metals |
| (i) Reaction with oxygen | Metals reacts with oxygen to form basic oxides. | Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides. |
| (ii) Reaction with water | Metals react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas | Non-metals do not react with water. |
| (iii) Reaction with dilute acid | Metals react with dilute acids to form metal salts and they displace hydrogen from acids. | Non-metals do not react with dilute acids. |
(c) (i) Sodium reacts violently with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, which is the property of a metal.
(ii) Sodium reacts with dilute acids and displaces hydrogen gas from the acids and forms sodium salt, which is the property of a metal.
(iii) Sodium exists in a solid state at room temperature, which is the property of a metal.
(d) (i) Sulphur is not lustrous, which shows that it is a non-metal.
(ii) Sulphur is a non-sonorous material, which shows that it is a non-metal.
(iii) Sulphur reacts with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide that is acidic in nature. This shows that it is a non-metal.
(e) Hydrogen is the non-metal that has been placed in the reactivity series of metals because it loses electrons to form positive ions (H+) like metals.
