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Laws of Mendel

a State Mende...

Question

(a) State Mendel's Law of dominance.
(b) What is a dihybrid ratio?
(c) Define phenotype.
(d) What are autosomes? [4 MARKS]

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Solution

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(a) According to Mendel's law of dominance, out of pair of contrasting characters brought together in an offspring, one always dominates over the other. The one that is expressed is dominant and the one that remains masked is recessive.

(b) Dihybrid ratio: The ratio obtained by crossing two traits is called dihybrid ratio.

(c) Phenotype: It refers to the observable characteristics of an organism which is genetically controlled.

(d) Autosomes: The chromosomes that are connected with characters other than the sex are called autosomes. For example, there are 22 pairs of autosomes in human beings.

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Q. A homozygous plant having round (R) and yellow (Y) seed is crossed with homozygous plant having wrinkled (r) and green (y) seeds: [5 MARKS]
(a) Give the scientific name of the plant on which Mendel conducted his hybridisation experiments.
(b) Give the genotype of the F1 generation.
(c) Give the dihybrid phenotypic ratio and the phenotype of the offspring of the F2 generation when two plants of the F1 generation are crossed.
(d) Name and state the law which explains the dihybrid ratio.
(e) Give the possible combinations of gametes that can be obtained from F1 hybrid.

Q. Which combination of statements is correct?
i. Mendel called as factors.
ii. Mendel is known as the father of genetics.
iii. In dihybrid crosses of Mendel's experiment four traits were taken into consideration.
iv. Mendel's experiment with monohybrid cross led to the formulation of the law of segregation.
v. The ratio of each phenotype of the seeds in F_2 generation in Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment was

9 : 3 : 3 : 1.

This is known as the dihybrid ratio.

Q. In a Mendelian dihybrid cross, if one trait shows incomplete dominance and other trait shows homozygous dominant lethality then what will be the phenotypic ratio of progenies obtained in

F_{2}

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