A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid contained in a test tube. The evolved gas was passed through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water? Write balanced chemical equations for both the changes observed

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Solution

Marble is chemically calcium carbonate (chemical formula CaCO₃). When a few pieces of marble are dropped in dilute hydrochloric acid, the two compounds react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water.
${CaCO}_{3} + 2 HCl \to {CaCl}_{2} + {CO}_{2} + H_{2} O$

Thus, the brisk effervescence observed is due to the formation of carbon dioxide gas. When carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water, it turns lime water milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate.
$Ca (OH)_{2} + {CO}_{2} \to {CaCO}_{3} + H_{2} O$

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