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Question

A translucent white waxy solid (A) on heating in an inert atmosphere is converted to its allotropic form (B). Allotrope (A) on reaction with very dilute aqueous KOH liberates a highly poisonous gas (C) having rotten fish smell. With excess of chlorine it forms (D) which hydrolyses to compound (E). Identify compounds (A) to (E).

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Solution

A= White phosphorus
B= Red phosphorus
C= Phosphine (PH3)
D= Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5)
E= Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Reactions are :

P4(s)White phosphorus(A)−−−Inert gasP4(s)Red phosphorus(B)

P4(g)White phosphorus(A)+3KOH(aq)+3H2O3KH2PO2(aq)Potassium hypophosphite+PH3(g)Phosphine(C)

PH3(g)+4Cl2(g)Phosphine(C)PCl5(g)Phosphorus pentachloride(D)+3HCl(g)

PCl5(g)Phosphorus pentachloride(D)+4H2O(l)H3PO4(aq)Phosphoric acid(E)+5HCl(aq).


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