A very large quantity of mixture contains tiny particles of three different substances X, Y, and Z. They are of the same size, cubical in shape and yellow in colour. X particles are very heavy, insoluble, non-magnetic and contribute to 50% of the mixture. Y particles are very light, insoluble, non-magnetic and contribute to 40% of the mixture. And Z particles are actually iron pieces. Which of the following methods can separate X, Y more efficiently?

Distillation

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Decantation

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Centrifugation

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None of the above

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Solution

The correct option is C Centrifugation
It is easy to separate Z particles because they are iron pieces. So, they can be removed using magnetic separation. Particles X and Y have many similar properties: they are non-magnetic, insoluble, and have the same size, shape and colour. But they are having different masses. So, we can separate them using centrifugation.

Heavy particles (X) will settle at the bottom of the container while lighter particles (Y) will form a layer on the top when their mixture is centrifuged.

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