(a) What are hormones? Give some of the characteristics of hormones?
(b) Which hormone is released into blood when its sugar level rises? Name the organ which produces the hormone and its effect on blood sugar level. Also name one digestive enzyme that this organ secretes and the function of this enzyme.
(b) Which hormone is released into blood when its sugar level rises? Name the organ which produces the hormone and its effect on blood sugar level. Also name one digestive enzyme that this organ secretes and the function of this enzyme.
(a) Hormones are intercellular chemical messengers secreted by specific endocrine glands of the body, which travel through the body to reach target organs or cells and initiate a process. Chemically, hormones are proteins. Once the hormone is secreted from the gland, it is directly poured into the blood stream, which transports it to the site of action. They maintain the balance of biological activities in the body.
Characteristics of hormones:
(i) act as chemical messengers
(ii) secreted by endocrine glands
(iii) act upon specific cells/tissues/organs called target cells/tissues/organs
(iv) either accelerate or inhibit a reaction
(b) Insulin is released into the blood when sugar level rises. Pancreas produce insulin which controls the amount of sugar by converting glucose into glycogen. It does not act on the glucose directly but causes cells to convert glucose into glycogen.
Pancreas also produce pancreatic juice, which contains several enzymes. One such enzyme is trypsinogen (proenzyme). The activated trypsin converts the proteases and peptones into dipeptides.
(a) Hormones are intercellular chemical messengers secreted by specific endocrine glands of the body, which travel through the body to reach target organs or cells and initiate a process. Chemically, hormones are proteins. Once the hormone is secreted from the gland, it is directly poured into the blood stream, which transports it to the site of action. They maintain the balance of biological activities in the body.
Characteristics of hormones:
(i) act as chemical messengers
(ii) secreted by endocrine glands
(iii) act upon specific cells/tissues/organs called target cells/tissues/organs
(iv) either accelerate or inhibit a reaction
(b) Insulin is released into the blood when sugar level rises. Pancreas produce insulin which controls the amount of sugar by converting glucose into glycogen. It does not act on the glucose directly but causes cells to convert glucose into glycogen.
Pancreas also produce pancreatic juice, which contains several enzymes. One such enzyme is trypsinogen (proenzyme). The activated trypsin converts the proteases and peptones into dipeptides.
