(a) What are isomers? Write the structures of two isomers of butane $(C_{4} H_{10})$ .
(b) Write the name and chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when $5 %$ solution of alkaline $K M n O_{4}$ is added drop by drop to warm ethanol.
(c) Name the product formed when ethanol is heated at $443$ K with excess conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ and state the role of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ in the reaction.

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Solution

$(a)$ An isomer has different arrangement of atom but has same number of atom of each element. It has same molecular formula but different chemical structure

$(b) C_{2} H_{5} O H a l k . K M n O_{4} - ------ \to C H_{3} C O O H$
$A l k . K M n O_{4}$ and aciditied $K_{2} C r_{2} O_{7}$ is strong oxidizing agent it will form ethanoic acid.

$(c)$ Ethanol undergo dehydration by heating it with concentrated $H_{2} S O_{4}$ at $443 K$ .

$C_{2} H_{5} O H H_{2} S O_{4} - --- \to 443 k C H_{2} = C H_{2} + H_{2} O$

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