(a) What are radioactive isotopes ? Give two examples of radioactive isotopes.

(b) Give any two uses of radioactive isotopes.

(c) An element Z contains two naturally occurring isotopes $_{17}^{35} Z a n d_{17}^{37} Z$ . If the average atomic mass of this element be 35.5 u, calculate the percentage of two isotopes.

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Solution

(a).The isotopes which are unstable due to presence of extra neutrons in their nuclei and emit various types of radiations, are called radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes.
For example: Carbon – 14 , Arsenic – 74
(b). Uses of isotopes-
(i). They are used in the treatment of cancer.
(ii). Radioactive isotopes are used as ‘tracers’ in medicine to detect the presence of tumors and blood clots in human body.

$left parenthesis c right parenthesis A v e r a g e space a t o m i c space m a s s equals 35.5 u L e t space percent sign space a m o u n t space o f space Z presuperscript 35 subscript 17 space b e space y space t h e n space a m o u n t space o f space Z presuperscript 37 subscript 17 space b e space i s space 100 minus y T h e n space 35 cross times y over 100 plus 37 cross times fraction numerator 100 minus y over denominator 100 end fraction equals 33.5 35 y plus 3700 minus 37 y equals 3550 y equals 75 T h u s space a m o u n t space o f space Z presuperscript 35 subscript 17 space i s space 75 percent sign space a n d space a m o u n t space o f space Z presuperscript 37 subscript 17 space i s space 25 percent sign$

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