(a) What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate? Explain with the help of an example. Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

(b) What happens when carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water :

(i) for a short time?

(ii) for a considerable time?

Write equations of the reactions involved.

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Solution

(a) The acid reacts with metal carbonates produces metal salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
For example, Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

$2 H C l + N a_{2} C O_{3} ⟶ 2 N a C l + H_{2} O + C O_{2}$

(b) When $C O_{2}$ is passed through limewater,
(i) for short interval of time limewater turns milky due to the formation of white precipitate of $C a C O_{3}$

$C a (O H)_{2} + C O_{2} ⟶ C a C O_{3} + H_{2} O$

(ii)if it is passed from considerable time $C a C O_{3}$ reacts with $C O_{2}$ to form $C a (H C O_{3})_{2}$ which is soluble in water. The milkiness disappears.

$C a C O_{3} + C O_{2} + H_{2} O ⟶ C a (H C O_{3})_{2}$

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