a) Denaturation of proteins:
It is irreversible precipitation of proteins due to heating the protein with alcohol, concentrated inorganic acids or by salts of heavy metals. The protein is uncoiled and its shape and characteristic biological activity is destroyed. For example, when egg is boiled, it coagulates egg white. Milk is converted to curd.
b) Essential Amino Acids:
These are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and are supplied through diet.
Examples of essential amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.