1
Question
(a) What is petroleum ? Where does petroleum occur ?
(b) Describe the process of formation of petroleum.
(a) What is petroleum ? Where does petroleum occur ?
(b) Describe the process of formation of petroleum.
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Solution
a)-Petroleum It is dark brownish to green coloured viscous liquid fossil fuel. It has strong foul smell due to the presence of sulphur containing compounds in it. It is commonly called as crude oil. The economy of a nation depends to a great extent on petroleum wealth, that's why petroleum is called the black gold. Its name is derived from Latin words Petra (meaning rock) and O1eum (meaning oil). Thus, petroleum literally means "rock oil". Origin of petroleum: Petroleum is a complex mixture of solid, liquid and seous hydrocarbons, mixed with salt water and earthy particles. It is always found trapped between two impervious rocks. It is believed that petroleum is formed by the anaerobic decomposition of extremely small sea animals and plants which got buried in the sea bed millions of years ago. Let us see how this happened. 
Occurrence of petroleum: Petroleum occurs at a moderate depth (500 m to 200 m) between the 2 layers of impervious rocks. The petroleum is lighter than It water & hence, floats over it. Natural gas is found above petroleum, trapped between the rock cap & petroleum layer. Drilling of oil wells: The hole is drilled in the Earth's crust & when it reached the rock cap, the natural gas comes out first with a great pressure. When the pressure of gas subsides, petroleum starts flowing out due to the pressure of natural gas. Refining of petroleum: Petroleum is a mixture of several hydrocarbons. It also contains water, salt and rocky materials. It cannot be used in this made form either as a fuel or a basic material to produce other useful components. Before being put to use, it has to be purified or refined. The process of separating the various components of petroleum from one another is known as the refining of petroleum. This is done by a process called fractional distillation which is based on the fact that the different components of petroleum have distinctly different boiling points. In fractional distillation, crude petroleum is heated to a temperature of ,4U0°C or slightly above in a furnace.
a)-Petroleum
It is dark brownish to green coloured viscous liquid fossil fuel. It has strong foul smell due to the presence of sulphur containing compounds in it. It is commonly called as crude oil. The economy of a nation depends to a great extent on petroleum wealth, that's why petroleum is called the black gold.
Its name is derived from Latin words Petra (meaning rock) and O1eum (meaning oil). Thus, petroleum literally means "rock oil".
Origin of petroleum: Petroleum is a complex mixture of solid, liquid and seous hydrocarbons, mixed with salt water and earthy particles. It is always found trapped between two impervious rocks.
It is believed that petroleum is formed by the anaerobic decomposition of extremely small sea animals and plants which got buried in the sea bed millions of years ago. Let us see how this happened.
Occurrence of petroleum: Petroleum occurs at a moderate depth (500 m to 200 m) between the 2 layers of impervious rocks. The petroleum is lighter than It water & hence, floats over it. Natural gas is found above petroleum, trapped between the rock cap & petroleum layer.
Drilling of oil wells: The hole is drilled in the Earth's crust & when it reached the rock cap, the natural gas comes out first with a great pressure. When the pressure of gas subsides, petroleum starts flowing out due to the pressure of natural gas.
Refining of petroleum: Petroleum is a mixture of several hydrocarbons. It also contains water, salt and rocky materials. It cannot be used in this made form either as a fuel or a basic material to produce other useful components. Before being put to use, it has to be purified or refined. The process of separating the various components of petroleum from one another is known as the refining of petroleum. This is done by a process called fractional distillation which is based on the fact that the different components of petroleum have distinctly different boiling points.
In fractional distillation, crude petroleum is heated to a temperature of ,4U0°C or slightly above in a furnace.
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