(a) What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the difference in electronegativity between them is
(i) high, (ii) low, (iii) zero?
(b) Separate the following compounds into three categories- ionic, polar and covalent compounds; N₂, NH₄Cl, NH₃, NO, NH₄NO₃, NCl₃.

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Solution

(a)
(i) When the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is high, an ionic (electrovalent) bond is formed due to easy transfer of electrons between them.
(ii) When the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is low, a polar covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons with slight shifting of shared pair of electrons towards the more electronegative atom.
(iii) When the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero, a non-polar covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between them and the shared pair of electrons lies exactly between the two bonded atoms.

(b) Ionic compounds: NH₄Cl , NH₄NO₃
Polar compounds: NH₃, NO, NCl₃
Covalent compounds: N₂

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Q. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:
(i) Two atoms of the same element combine to form a molecule. The bond between them is known as ................ bond.
(ii) Two chlorine atoms combine to form a molecule. The bond between them is known as ..........
(iii) In forming oxygen molecule, .............. electrons are shared by each atom of oxygen.
(iv) In forming N₂ molecule, .............. electrons are shared by each atom of nitrogen.
(v) The number of single covalent bonds in C₂H₂ molecule are ...........
(vi) Melting points and boiling points of ionic compounds are generally ............ than those of covalent compounds.

Q. In which of the following compounds the covalent bond present between two atoms is more polar:

Q. If a polar covalent bond shows 50% ionic character, then the electronegativity difference of the atoms that form the bond is :

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:
(i) Two atoms of the same element combine to form a molecule. The bond between them is known as .. bond.
(ii) Two chlorine atoms combine to form a molecule. The bond between them is known as....
(iii) In the formation of an oxygen molecule, ... electrons are shared by each atom of oxygen.
(iv) In the formation of a $N_{2}$ molecule, ... electrons are shared by each atom on nitrogen.
(v) The number of single covalent bonds in $C_{2} H_{2}$ molecule are....
(vi) Melting points and boiling points of ionic compounds are generally ... Than those of covalent compounds.

(a) Draw an electron dot diagram to show the structure of each of the following :

(i) Hydronium ion, (ii) Ammonium ion,

(iii) Hydroxyl ion

State the type of bonding present in them.

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(i) Co-ordinate bonds compounds,

(ii) Solid covalent compounds,

(iii) Gaseous polar compounds,

(iv) Gaseous non polar compounds,

(v) Liquid non polar compounds

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(a) What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the difference in electronegativity between them is (i) high, (ii) low, (iii) zero? (b) Separate the following compounds into three categories- ionic, polar and covalent compounds; N2, NH4Cl, NH3, NO, NH4NO3, NCl3.

(a) What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the difference in electronegativity between them is
(i) high, (ii) low, (iii) zero?
(b) Separate the following compounds into three categories- ionic, polar and covalent compounds; N₂, NH₄Cl, NH₃, NO, NH₄NO₃, NCl₃.