(a) When a person is not particularly thirsty but drinks a lot of water, his urine flow increases greatly and the urine is very dilute. Give explanation.
(b) "If a litre of sodium chloride solution with same concentration as blood plasma is added there is hardly any change in the volume or composition of urine," justify the statement. [5 MARKS]

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Solution

a) 2 Marks
b) 3 Marks

(a) The kidneys are the osmoregulatory organs. They remove excess of water from the body so that the concentration of blood plasma remains the same. This removal of excess water leads to the production of a large quantity of very dilute urine.

(b) Sodium chloride solution with same concentration as blood plasma, adds only to the total volume of the blood. This is not harmful in any way as it does not alter the concentration of blood plasma. So there is no change in volume or composition of urine.

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