(a) CHOConc.HNO3−−−−−−−→COOH||(CHOH)4(CHOH)4||CH2OHCOOHD-glucoseSaccharic acid
(b) Amino acids show amphoteric behaviour due to the presence of −COOH and -NH2 group in the same molecule and due to the formation of Zwitter ion.
(c) α-helix structure has intramolecular H-bonding while β-pleated structure has intermolecular H-bonding.