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Question
According to Darwin, the prominent reason for organic evolution is
According to Darwin, the prominent reason for organic evolution is
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Solution
The correct option is C intraspecific competition
Competition is of three types, they are interspecific, intraspecific and environmental competition. All the three play a role in evolution as per Darwin, however, intraspecific competition plays a prominent reason in Darwin evolution.
Intraspecific competition is the competition between the individuals of the same species for the basic needs like food, shelter and mating. It is considered as the most acute type of struggle. It is due to overproduction. Variations arise naturally in a growing population due to crossing over, mutation, etc. Organisms with variations better suited to their environment are favoured by natural selection, while less fitted ones are eliminated. According to Darwin, gradually this process of natural selection leads to evolution. Hence, intraspecific competition is the most significant reason in Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Interspecific struggle is the competition between the individuals of different species for the same needs like food and shelter. It also plays a role in evolution but intraspecific struggle is a more intense and prominent one.
An organism has to struggle against its surrounding environment like extreme heat, cold, drought, volcanic eruptions, etc. This is called the environmental struggle or competition. This is also less intense compared to the intraspecific competition.
If one species shows reduced feeding efficiency due to the presence of an interfering species, then generally it leads either to extinction of inferior species or change of feeding pattern or feeding grounds. For example, in the Galapagos islands, the introduction of goats resulted in the extinction of the Abington tortoise because both had to compete for the same feeding ground.
Competition is of three types, they are interspecific, intraspecific and environmental competition. All the three play a role in evolution as per Darwin, however, intraspecific competition plays a prominent reason in Darwin evolution.
Intraspecific competition is the competition between the individuals of the same species for the basic needs like food, shelter and mating. It is considered as the most acute type of struggle. It is due to overproduction. Variations arise naturally in a growing population due to crossing over, mutation, etc. Organisms with variations better suited to their environment are favoured by natural selection, while less fitted ones are eliminated. According to Darwin, gradually this process of natural selection leads to evolution. Hence, intraspecific competition is the most significant reason in Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Interspecific struggle is the competition between the individuals of different species for the same needs like food and shelter. It also plays a role in evolution but intraspecific struggle is a more intense and prominent one.
An organism has to struggle against its surrounding environment like extreme heat, cold, drought, volcanic eruptions, etc. This is called the environmental struggle or competition. This is also less intense compared to the intraspecific competition.
If one species shows reduced feeding efficiency due to the presence of an interfering species, then generally it leads either to extinction of inferior species or change of feeding pattern or feeding grounds. For example, in the Galapagos islands, the introduction of goats resulted in the extinction of the Abington tortoise because both had to compete for the same feeding ground.
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