Question

According to kinetic theory of gases, 0 kelvin is the temperature at which for an ideal gas, the internal energy is

Answer 1

Kinetic theory of gases:

1. In the 19th century, the kinetic theory of gases was derived by James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann. It illustrates the thermodynamic behavior of gases.
2. It describes that, gas is a large number of submicroscopic particles, all of which are in constant, rapid, random motion. The size of these particles is assumed to be much smaller as compared to the distance between them.
3. These particles undergo elastic collisions among themselves and with the wall of container.
4. This model is described for an ideal gas and assumes that the particles does not undergo any other interactions.

Expression for the internal energy of gases:

1. According to the kinetic theory of gases, the internal energy of a monoatomic ideal gas is given by $E_{int}=\frac{3}{2}NkT=\frac{3}{2}nRT$, where $N$ is the number of atoms of gases, $k$ is Boltzmann's constant, $n$ is number of moles of gases, $R$ is ideal gas constant and $T$ is the temperature of gas in kelvin.
2. So, when the temperature is $0kelvin$, the internal energy of the gas will be $0$.

Hence, according to the kinetic theory of gases, 0 kelvin is the temperature at which an ideal gas has zero internal energy.