Adaptation of peppered moth is an example of
Darwinism
During the industrial revolution, the increase in air pollution led to the death of lichens and darkening of the tree trunks. This was when the dark variety of moths could escape the sight of birds and seek refuge in the dark trees, meanwhile, the brightly coloured moths were preyed, thereby reducing their number. This phenomenon was called the industrial melanism.
It also served as an example that proved the "survival of the fittest" principle proposed by Darwin.