After the fragmentation by restriction endonuclease enzyme, the fragments are separated according to their size, this is called
Agarose gel electrophoresis
Agarose gel electrophoresis is the technique involving the separation of molecules based on their size and charge. For example, it is used for the separation of DNA fragments formed after treatment with endonucleases, based on their size and negative charge.
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Technique used for the in vitro amplification of the DNA fragments or gene of interest to create multiple copies.
Sieving effect
Sieving is the separation of smaller particles from bigger particles by using a sieve. This sieving effect is shown by the agarose gel used in gel electrophoresis. When the gel solidifies, it forms a network like structure with small pores. The DNA fragments move through these pores during electrophoresis getting separated based on their size.
Spooling
DNA spooling is the removal of the precipitated DNA strand using the glass rod or spatula from the chilled ethanol after separating it from the cell.
Final answer
(a) Agarose gel electrophoresis