Alexander Flemming: penicillin; Priestley: _________
oxygen
Explanation for the correct option:
(b) Step-1: Find the relationship between the given set i.e.; Alexander Flemming: penicillin
Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin. So it is a relationship of discoverer and its discovery.
Step-2: Complete the given blank with a choice that shows the similar relationship as Alexander Flemming: penicillin
Priestley discovered Oxygen (O).
Explanation for the incorrect options:
(a) Nitrogen (N) was discovered by Daniel Rutherford.
(c) Carbon dioxide (CO2) was discovered by Joseph Black.
(d) Hydrogen (H) was discovered by Henry Cavendish.
Hence, option (b) is correct.