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Rutherford's Model

All photo ele...

Question

All photo electrons are not emitted with the same energy as the incident photons. Why?

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Solution

An electron is bounded with the nucleus of the metal atom with coulombic interaction. When a photon is incident on the metal surface, some of the energy of the photon is used up to overcome the coulombic interaction, which is knows as work function of the metal, and the remaining energy of the photon becomes the kinetic energy of the emitted photo electrons.
Maximum kinetic energy of the photo electrons $K . E_{m a x} = h ν - ϕ$
where $h ν$ is the energy of photon and $ϕ$ is the work function of metal.
$⟹$ $K . E_{m a x} < h ν$
Hence photo electrons are not emitted with the same energy as the incident photons.

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