Aluminium burns in chlorine to form solid aluminium chloride. Write a balanced chemical reaction to explain why these solid fumes when kept in moist air. What would happen when a blue litmus paper is brought close to these fumes?

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Solution

When Aluminium is burnt in Chlorine, Aluminium chloride $(A l C l_{3})$ is formed.
$\underset{(A l u m i n i u m)}{\underset{⏟}{2 A l (s)}} + \underset{(C h l o r i n e g a s)}{\underset{⏟}{3 C l_{2} (g)}} \to \underset{(A l u m i n i u m c h l o r i d e)}{\underset{⏟}{2 A l C l_{3} (s)}}$
When this solid Aluminium chloride is exposed to moist air, it gets hydrolyzed partly to produce Hydrochloric gas (HCl), which is the reason behind white fumes.
$\underset{(A l u m i n i u m c h l o r i d e)}{\underset{⏟}{A l C l_{3} (s)}} + \underset{(W a t e r)}{\underset{⏟}{3 H_{2} O (l)}} \to \underset{(A l u m i n i u m h y d r o x i d e)}{\underset{⏟}{A l {(O H)}_{3} (a q)}} + \underset{(H y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d)}{\underset{⏟}{3 H C l (a q)}}$
When Hydrochloric acid comes in contact with air, it forms white fumes.
When blue litmus is brought near these fumes it turns red, as it is acidic.

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Similar questions

Q. (a) What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?
(b) Aluminium burns in chlorine to form aluminium chloride (AlCl₃). Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
(c) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

Explain why :

(a) anhydrous HCl is a poor conductor while aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor.
(b) when the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the air.
(c) a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene :
(i) has no effect on litmus, and
(ii) does not conduct electricity.
(d) thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in $N H_{4} O H$ is brought near the mouth of a bottle full of HCl gas.
(e) dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in the presence of a drop of water.

(f) hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.

When moist chlorine reacts with hydrogen sulfide, two products are formed:

A gas which fumes in moist air and, a yellow solid. Name these products.

explain why hydrogen chloride gas fumes in moist air but dygrogen sulphide gas does not.

A colourless mixture of two substances (A) and (B) (excess) is soluble in

H_{2} O

, separately. (A) turns blue litmus red and (B) turns red litmus blue. (A) gives white ppt. with (B), which dissolves in excess of (B) forming (C). (A) when placed in moist air gives fumes and can form dimer. (A) gives white ppt. with

{N H}_{4} C l

and

{N H}_{4} O H

soluble in (B). (A) also gives white precipitate with

{A g N O}_{3}

soluble in

{N H}_{4} O H

Thus, white fumes are formed in moist air. It is due to formation of ___________.

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