Question

Among the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, which type of cell according to you has a simpler organisation? Also mention the various features in the relatively complex type of cell that makes it complex.

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cell has much simpler organisation than eukaryotic cell.

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	PROKARYOTIC CELLS	EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Size	0.5-3um	2-100um
Kind of Cell	Single-cell	Multicellular
Cell Wall	Cell wall present, comprise of peptidoglycan or mucopeptide (polysaccharide).	Usually cell wall absent, if present (plant cells and fungus), comprises of cellulose (polysaccharide).
Presence of Nucleus	Well-defined nucleus is absent, rather 'nucleoid' is present which is an open region containing DNA.	A well-defined nucleus is present enclosed within nuclear memebrane.
Shape of DNA	Circular, double-stranded DNA.	Linear, double-stranded DNA.
Mitochondria	Absent	Present
Ribosome	70S	80S
Golgi Apparatus	Absent	Present
Endoplasmic Reticulum	Absent	Present
Mode of Reproduction	Asexual	Most commonly sexual
Cell Divison	Binary Fission, (conjugation, transformation, transduction)	Mitosis
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes	Absent	Present
Chloroplast	(Absent) scattered in the cytoplasm.	Present in plants, algae.
Transcription and Translation	Occurs together.	Transcription occurs in nucleus and translation in cytosol.
Organelles	Organelles are not membrane bound, if present any.	Organelles are membrane bound and are specific in function.
Replication	Single origin of replication.	Multiple origins of replication.
Number of Chromosomes	Only one (not true called as a plasmid).	More than one.
Examples	Archaea, Bacteria.	Plants and Animals