An astronaut calls his friend from the moon!
Astronaut: Hey friend, I am at the moon. What are you doing?
Earthman: I am just taking rest on my bed.
Who is/are in motion when an alien observes them from Mars?
Both of them are in motion.
To decide whether a body is in a state of motion, we have to observe it from a point. If the position of the body changes with time, then we can say the body is in the state of motion.
So, it depends on the point from where the observation is made. In this case, the astronaut will observe that his friend on earth is in motion. This is because the Earth is moving when viewed from the moon. Similarly, the astronaut will be in a state of motion if viewed by his friend. If a man is standing beside astronaut's friend on earth, he will observe that the astronaut is motion, while his friend is at a state of rest!
Hence, both of them will be in motion when observed by an alien on Mars.