An atom 'X' has 5 electrons in 'M' shell. It can form $X C l_{5}$ and $X C l_{3}$ . Explain their formation.

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Solution

$M$ shell consists of $s, p$ and $d$ orbitals. If $X$ has $5$ electrons i.e. the valence shell configuration is ${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{3}$ , with this configuration it can form ${X C l}_{3}$ . In excited state its configuration is ${3 s}^{1} {3 p}^{3} {3 d}^{1}$ . Hence, it can form ${X C l}_{5}$ .

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