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Allotropes of Carbon

An element E ...

Question

An element E exists in three allotropic forms A, B and C. In allotrope A, the atoms of element E are joined to form spherical molecules. In allotrope B, each atom of element E is surrounded by three other E atoms to form a sheet-like structure. In allotrope C, each atom of element E is surrounded by four other E atoms to form a rigid structure.
(a) Name the element E.
(b) What is allotrope A?
(c) What is allotrope B?
(d) What is allotrope C?
(e) Which allotrope is used in making jewellery?
(f) Which allotrope is used in making the electrode of a dry cell?

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Solution

(a) Carbon is the element 'E' which exists in three allotropic forms A, B and C.

(b) Buckminsterfullerene is the allotrope 'A' of carbon in which the atoms are joined to form spherical molecules.

(c) Graphite is the allotrope 'B' of carbon which is surrounded by three other carbon atoms to form a sheet-like structure.

(d) Diamond is the allotrope 'C' of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four other carbon atoms to form a rigid structure.

(e) The allotrope C (Diamond) is used to make jewellery.

(f) The allotrope B (Graphite) is used in making electrode of a dry cell.

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Q. The solid element A exhibits the property of catenation. It is also present in the form of a gas B in the air which is utilised by plants in photosynthesis. An allotrope C of this element is used in glass cutters.
(a) What is element A?
(b) What is the gas B?
(c) Name the allotrope C.
(d) State another use of allotrope C (other than in glass cutters).
(e) Name another allotrope of element A which exists as spherical molecules.
(f) Name a yet another allotrope of element A which conduct electricity.

Q. A solid element X has four electrons in the outermost shell of its atom. An allotrope Y of this element is used as a dry lubricant in machinery and also in making pencil leads.
(a) What is element X?
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(c) State whether allotrope Y is a good conductor or non-conductor of electricity.
(d) Name one use of allotrope Y (other than lubrication and pencil leads)
(e) Name two other allotropes of element X.

A

is an element having four electrons in its outermost orbit. An allotrope

B

of this element is used as a dry lubricant in machinery and in pencil leads. So :
(a) Write the name of element

A

and its allotropes.
(b) State whether

B

is a good conductor or non-conductor of electricity?

Q. We humans have known elemental Sulphur from the earliest times. In the last two decades, the allotropy of sulfur has been explored in great detail. The most common naturally occurring allotrope,

S_{8}

cyclo-octasulphur, has a puckered three dimensional “crown” like arrangement of atoms around the ring. This homocyclic allotrope forms “needle-like” crystals above

95^{\circ}

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