An old cycle frame was left in open for a few days. A brown layer got slowly deposited on its surface and could not be removed when rubbed with sand paper. What happened actually?

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Solution

It is due to corrosion of steel or iron rod is presence of moist air.
Anode: $F e \to {F e}^{3 +}      \frac{b r o w n}{(r u s t)} + 3 e^{-}$

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Question 38

A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.

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(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.

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An old cycle frame was left in open for a few days. A brown layer got slowly deposited on its surface and could not be removed when rubbed with sand paper. What happened actually?

It is due to corrosion of steel or iron rod is presence of moist air.Anode:Fe→Fe3+brown(rust)+3e−

It is due to corrosion of steel or iron rod is presence of moist air.
Anode: $F e \to {F e}^{3 +}      \frac{b r o w n}{(r u s t)} + 3 e^{-}$