An organic acid X is a liquid, which often freezes during winter time in cold countries, having the molecular formula $C_{2} H_{4} O_{2}$ . on warming it with methanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a compound Y with a sweet smell is formed.

(a) Identify X and Y. Also write their formulae showing the functional group present in them.

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.

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Solution

(a) The organic acid, X, which often freezes in the winters in cold countries, is ethanoic acid. It has the molecular formula $C H_{3} - C O O H$ .
The formula with its functional group is represented as:

When ethanoic acid is warmed with methanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, the compound 'Y' with sweet fragrance is formed. This compound is called methyl ethanoate, and its molecular formula is $C H_{3} - C O O - C H_{3}$ .
The formula with its functional group is represented as:

(b) The chemical equation of the above-stated reaction is as follows:

$C H_{3} - C O O H + C H_{3} - O H C o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} - ------- \to C H_{3} - C O O - C H_{3} + H_{2} O$

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