An organic acid 'X' is a liquid which often freezes during winter time in cold countries. It has the molecular formula $C_{2} H_{4} O_{2}$ . On warming with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of sulphuric acid, a compound ‘Y’ with sweet smell is formed. (i) Identify X and Y. (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.

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Solution

The available information suggests that the organic acid X with molecular formula $C_{2} H_{4} O_{2}$ is ethanoic acid $(C H_{3} C O O H)$ . It reacts with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of sulphuric acid to give ester, ethyl ethanoate which has a pleasant smell.

Hence, X is $C H_{3} C O O H$ or acetic acid and Y is $C H_{3} C O O C H_{2} C H_{3}$ or ethyl ethanoate.

$C H_{3} C O O H$ + $C H_{3} C H_{2} O H$ $c o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} - ------ \to$ $C H_{3} C O O C H_{2} C H_{3}$ + $H_{2} O$

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