An organic acid X is a liquid, which often freezes during winter time in cold countries, having the molecular formula C₂H₄O₂. On warming it with methanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a compound Y with a sweet smell is formed.

(a) Identify X and Y. Also write their formulae showing the functional group present in them.
(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.

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Solution

(a) The organic acid, X, which often freezes in the winters in cold countries, is ethanoic acid. It has the molecular formula CH₃COOH.
The formula with its functional group is represented as:

When ethanoic acid is warmed with methanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, the compound 'Y' with sweet fragrance is formed. This compound is called methyl ethanoate, and its molecular formula is CH₃COOCH₃.
The formula with its functional group is represented as:

(b) The chemical equation of the above stated reaction is as follows:

${CH}_{3} COOH + C_{2} H_{5} OH \overset{conc H_{2} {SO}_{4}}{\to} {CH}_{3} {COOC}_{2} H_{5} + H_{2} O$

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