Analyse the following statements and choose the correct option.
i Bitumen is used for metaling the roads.
ii Many useful substances are obtained from coal so, it is also called ‘black gold.’
iii Natural gas is used as a starting material for the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilisers.
iv Excessive burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of air pollution.

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The fossil fuel P is formed under the earth by the decomposition of vegetable matter lying under water by the action of anaerobic bacteria. The major component of fuel P is Q. The fossil fuel P is used as a source of gas R needed to manufacture nitrogenous fertilisers. When P is filled in metal cylinders and used as a fuel in motor vehicles, it is called S. What are P, Q, R and S ?

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :

(a) Fossil fuels are ___ , ___ and ___ .

(b) Coal contains mainly ___ .

(d) The process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ___ .

(e) The least polluting fuel for vehicles is ___ .

(f) The burning of fossil fuels causes air ___ and also leads to global ___ .

The material A is a fossil fuel which is extracted from the earth. It is said to be formed from the buried large land plants by a very slow process B. When A is heated in the absence of air in a process called C then it gives three products, D, E and F. The product D is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals, the product E is used as and industrial fuel whereas the product F has been traditionally used for metalling the roads.

(a) What could material A be ?

(b) What is (i) physical state, and (ii) colour, of A ?

(d) What are (i) D, (ii) E, and (iii) F ?

Q. Select the incorrect statements among the following.
(i) Bitumen is used for metalling the roads.
(ii) Some inexhaustible natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas formed from the dead remains of living organisms are known as fossil fuels.
(iii) Many useful substances are obtained from coal (commercial importance), so it is also called as 'Black gold'.
(iv) Natural gas is used as starting material for the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilizers.

Q. Analyse the following statements and choose the correct option.
I – Natural gas can be supplied to homes and factories through pipes.
II – Natural gas is obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum.
III – Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as ‘petrochemicals.’
IV – Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG).

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