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Standard X
History
What Is Science and Technology?
Ancient India...
Question

Ancient India saw major developments in the realm of science and technology. Choose the correct definitions of some of the fields related to science.

A
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and related phenomena.
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B
Chemistry is an experimental science that deals with the study of matter and its properties.
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C
Chemistry is natural science that deals with the study of life and living organisms
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D
Astrology is the study of the influence of distant cosmic objects like stars and planets on human lives.
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Solution

The correct options are
A Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and related phenomena.
B Chemistry is an experimental science that deals with the study of matter and its properties.
D Astrology is the study of the influence of distant cosmic objects like stars and planets on human lives.
Ancient India saw major developments in the realm of science and technology. Some of these fields were metallurgy, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and astrology. Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and related phenomena. Chemistry is an experimental science that deals with the study of matter and its properties. Astrology is the study of the influence of distant cosmic objects like stars and planets on human lives.

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Q. Though India now has a large base in science and technology, which is fast expanding, it is still a long way from realising its potential of becoming a world leader in science. Name some important factors, which in your view have hindered the advancement of science in India.
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

It is time we looked at the latent causes. Where does the strength of India lie? Not in numbers not necessarily in our moral stands on international issues. In modern times, the strength of a nation lies in its achievements in science and technology. This is not to say that other fields do not count. In the five decades after independence, we have yet to demonstrate our originality in-applied science and technology. Though Japan also started like us, by cultivating the technology of the West, the Japanese adapted, improve and displayed originality in several areas of science and technology. The generation which is at the helm of affairs in science and technology in our country after independence, mostly consisted or self-seekers. By and large, with a few exceptions, the science and technology managers in India concentrated in gaining power and influence. They loved publicity. Most of them stopped doing science while they managed science. Things would have been better had they been humble enough to acknowledge difference between doing and managing science. Instead, they claimed they were the foremost in science and technology simply because they were the helm of affairs. As a result, they ceased to inspire the younger lot. India continues to be a borrower of science and technology, even though its potential for originality is substantial.
Our achievement in nuclear science and technology may be dazzling to our people. But in worth and originality they are ordinary and routine. While our own people remain ignorant, the peoples of other countries know all about the pretensions to knowledge of our nuclear science and technology managers. One subtle way of sabotaging our nuclear goals is to help hollow persons reach and remain at the helmof affairs. International bodies come in as handy tools in that subtle process. The veil of secrecy effectively protects the mismanagement in our nuclear establishments. The talk of national security comes as an easy weapon to prevent any probe into mismanagement. On nuclear matters, the media in our country, by and large, avoid the investigative approach. As a result, the mismatch between promise and performance in the nuclear fields does not get exposed as much as the mismanagement in other fields.

Doing science and managing science as implied by the author is anologous to:
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