Question

Aniline is insoluble in water because:

Answer 1

Aniline $\left({\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{NH}}_2\right)$ is insoluble in water because of the large hydrocarbon part i.e.; the benzene ring which is insoluble in water.

Conditions for Hydrogen bonding:

• The molecule must contain a highly electronegative atom like Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), or Fluorine (F).
• The size of the electronegative element should be small.

The amino group forms H-bonding with water molecules because the H atom is connected to the nitrogen atom but the large phenyl group being hydrophobic can not form a hydrogen bond with water.

• The H atoms in the phenyl group are bonded to carbon (C) which is not a very electronegative element.
• Moreover, this hydrocarbon part or phenyl group is very large.

Due to this, aniline is insoluble in water.