Animal suffering during testing can be minimized by which of these principles of ethics of animal biotechnology?
A
Reduction
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B
Refinement
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C
Replacement
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D
All of the above
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Solution
The correct option is B Refinement Refinement refers to methods that minimise the pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that may be experienced by research animals, and which improve their welfare.
Refinement applies to all aspects of animal use, from their housing and husbandry to the scientific procedures performed on them.