Answer the following:
(a) Name a process by which hydrogen gas is manufactured.
(b) Give equation for the reaction.
(c) How is hydrogen seperated from carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide?

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Solution

(a) Commercially, hydrogen is prepared by Bosch process.
(b) (i) Steam is passed over hot coke at $1000^{\circ} C$ in a furnace called converters. As a result water gas is produced which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases.
$C + H_{2} 0 1000^{\circ} C ⟶ (C O + H_{2}) - H e a t$
This reaction is endothermic in nature.
(ii) Water gas is mixed with excess of steam and passed over a catalyst ferric oxide $(F e_{2} O_{3})$ and a promoter chromium trioxide $(C r_{2} O_{3})$ .
$(C O + H_{2}) + H_{2} O F e_{2} O_{3} / C r_{2} O_{3} ⟶ 450^{\circ} C C O_{2} + 2 H_{2} + H e a t$
This reaction is exothermic in nature.
c) (i) The products are hydrogen, carbon dioxide and some unreacted carbon monoxide. Hydrogen is separated from carbon dioxide by passing the mixture through water under pressure, in which carbon dioxide gets dissolved leaving behind hydrogen. Carbon dioxide can also be separated by passing it through caustic potash $(K O H)$ solution.
$2 K O H + C O_{2} ⟶ K_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O$
(ii) To separate carbon monoxide the gaseous mixture is passed through ammoniacal cuprous chloride in which carbon monoxide dissolves leaving behind hydrogen.
$C u C l + C O + 2 H_{2} O ⟶ C u C l . C O .2 H_{2} O$
Thus hydrogen gas is obtained.

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