answer the following questions:-
1.explain dark reaction
2. explain light reaction
3. explain nutrition in plants
4. explain nutrition in animals
5. Explain the terms photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic modes of nutrition
answer the following questions:-
1.explain dark reaction
2. explain light reaction
3. explain nutrition in plants
4. explain nutrition in animals
5. Explain the terms photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic modes of nutrition
- The phase of photosynthesis, not requiring light, in which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide.
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Photosynthesis takes place in two steps:
i) light reaction
ii) dark reaction
Light reaction is the first stage in photosynthesis where water is broken in the chlorophyll molecule into H+ ions and OH- ions in the presence of light resulting in the formation of assimilatory powers such as NADPH2 and ATP . It occurs in the grana of chloroplast.
Dark reaction is the second step in the mechanism of photosynthesis. The chemical processes of photosynthesis occurring independent of light is called dark reaction. It takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. The Dark reaction of photosynthesis is purely enzymatic and it is slower than the light reaction. In dark reactions, two types of cyclic reaction occur. They are Calvin cycle or C3 Cycle and Hatch Slack Cycle or C4 cycle.
3.The essential plant nutrients include carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which are absorbed from the air, whereas other nutrients including nitrogen are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).
Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from their growing medium:
the macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg)the micronutrients (or trace minerals): boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni). and cobalt (Co)
The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities; hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon contribute to over 95% of a plants' entire biomass on a dry matter weight basis. Micronutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 0.1 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.
Alternate answer
Plants are capable of making their food themselves but humans and animals cannot.
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are essential components of food, these components are called nutrients.
Mode of nutrition in plants
Plants prepare their food by using raw materials like water, carbon dioxide and minerals.
The process of utilization of food by a living organism to obtain energy is called nutrition.
Autotrophs or Autotrophic: - In this mode of nutrition organisms make their food themselves from simple substances. All green plants are Autotrophs (Auto means self and trophos means nourishment)
Heterotrophs or heterophobic: - Heterotrophic organisms are those who obtain food from other organisms. Since these organisms depend on other organisms for their food, they are called consumers. All animals and non-green plants like fungi come under this category.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is food making process in plants from simple substances like carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.Oxygen is released during photosynthesis.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of a plant.
The food is prepared by the green leaves of a plant in the form of a simple sugar called glucose.
The extra glucose is changed into another food called starch. This starch is stored in the leaves of the plant.
The green plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy by making carbohydrates.
The conditions necessary for photosynthesis to take place are:
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide
Water
Raw materials for photosynthesis:
The raw materials for photosynthesis are:
Carbon dioxide
Water
4.The nutritional requirements of most animals are relatively extensive and complex compared with the simple requirements of plants. The nutrients used by animals include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
As animals are not able to synthesize nutrients, they depend on plants to get those nutrients.
5. The two major types of autotrophs are chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs. Photoautotrophs use energy from sunlight to make their biological materials. These include green plants and photosynthesizing algae.
Chemoautotrophs, on the other hand, derive energy for their life functions from inorganic chemicals. They feed on chemicals that are good electron donors, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, or iron.
- The phase of photosynthesis, not requiring light, in which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide.
-
Photosynthesis takes place in two steps:
i) light reaction
ii) dark reaction
Light reaction is the first stage in photosynthesis where water is broken in the chlorophyll molecule into H+ ions and OH- ions in the presence of light resulting in the formation of assimilatory powers such as NADPH2 and ATP . It occurs in the grana of chloroplast.
Dark reaction is the second step in the mechanism of photosynthesis. The chemical processes of photosynthesis occurring independent of light is called dark reaction. It takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. The Dark reaction of photosynthesis is purely enzymatic and it is slower than the light reaction. In dark reactions, two types of cyclic reaction occur. They are Calvin cycle or C3 Cycle and Hatch Slack Cycle or C4 cycle.
3.The essential plant nutrients include carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which are absorbed from the air, whereas other nutrients including nitrogen are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).
Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from their growing medium:
the macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg)the micronutrients (or trace minerals): boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni). and cobalt (Co)
The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities; hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon contribute to over 95% of a plants' entire biomass on a dry matter weight basis. Micronutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 0.1 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Alternate answer
Plants are capable of making their food themselves but humans and animals cannot.
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are essential components of food, these components are called nutrients.
Mode of nutrition in plants
Plants prepare their food by using raw materials like water, carbon dioxide and minerals.
The process of utilization of food by a living organism to obtain energy is called nutrition.
Autotrophs or Autotrophic: - In this mode of nutrition organisms make their food themselves from simple substances. All green plants are Autotrophs (Auto means self and trophos means nourishment)
Heterotrophs or heterophobic: - Heterotrophic organisms are those who obtain food from other organisms. Since these organisms depend on other organisms for their food, they are called consumers. All animals and non-green plants like fungi come under this category.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is food making process in plants from simple substances like carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.Oxygen is released during photosynthesis.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of a plant.
The food is prepared by the green leaves of a plant in the form of a simple sugar called glucose.
The extra glucose is changed into another food called starch. This starch is stored in the leaves of the plant.
The green plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy by making carbohydrates.
The conditions necessary for photosynthesis to take place are:
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide
Water
Raw materials for photosynthesis:
The raw materials for photosynthesis are:
Carbon dioxide
Water
4.The nutritional requirements of most animals are relatively extensive and complex compared with the simple requirements of plants. The nutrients used by animals include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
As animals are not able to synthesize nutrients, they depend on plants to get those nutrients.
5. The two major types of autotrophs are chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs. Photoautotrophs use energy from sunlight to make their biological materials. These include green plants and photosynthesizing algae.
Chemoautotrophs, on the other hand, derive energy for their life functions from inorganic chemicals. They feed on chemicals that are good electron donors, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, or iron.
