Question

Answer the following questions in detail.

Name the various parts of the human respiratory system. Also mention their functions.

Answer 1

Parts of the human respiratory system:

It comprises the following parts.

Nose and Nasal cavity:

1. Air enters the nose and enters the nasal cavity lined with hair and mucus.
2. The membrane of the inner lining of the nose has cilia.
3. Dust particles and germs are swept through cilia.
4. Air is inhaled before entering the lungs.

Pharynx:

1. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx.
2. It leads to a windpipe called the trachea and a food pipe called the esophagus.
3. The lower portion of the pharynx leads to the larynx.

Larynx:

1. It is called a voice box, located in the trachea.
2. It contains muscular tissues called the vocal cord that vibrates with the passage of air and produces sound.
3. The larynx leads to the trachea.

Trachea:

1. This is a windpipe, it extends from the larynx.
2. The front opening of the trachea is called the glottis.
3. Glottis is guarded by the epiglottis.
4. The epiglottis closes the trachea at the time of swallowing food.
5. The cilia lining of the trachea helps in removing dust particles.

Bronchi and Bronchioles:

1. The trachea is divided into two bronchi, the Left bronchus, and right bronchus.
2. From the trachea, air enters into a bronchus, then into the lungs.
3. Bronchi are eventually divided into bronchioles.
4. The cilia lining of bronchi and bronchioles helps to remove germs.

Lungs:

1. Lungs are pair of spongy organs.
2. It is located in the thoracic cavity.
3. It is protected by a ribcage and rests on a muscular sheet called the diaphragm.
4. It is protected by two membranes named outer pleura and inner pleura.
5. The space between these two membranes is filled with pleural fluid.
6. The pleural fluid reduces friction and protects the lungs from any damage.

Alveoli:

1. At the end of bronchioles. alveoli are present.
2. Alveoli are surrounded by blood capillaries.
3. The gaseous exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs.
4. Oxygen diffuses into capillaries from the alveoli.
5. Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli