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Question
Antibodies are_________.
Antibodies are_________.
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Solution
The correct option is D glycoproteins
Glycoproteins are the peptide chains (group of amino acids) attached to the oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are the carbohydrate molecules that are composed of around 2-10 simple monosaccharide units.
Antibodies or immunoglobulins are complex glycoproteins as they possess carbohydrate molecules along with protein in their structure.
They are produced by B-lymphocytes that are present in the blood and lymph and provide immunity against specific antigens (foreign bodies that are capable of generating an immune response in the body).
B-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells with non-granular cytoplasm that originate and mature in the bone marrow.
Each antibody has a Y shaped structure made up of two short light (L) peptide chains and two long heavy (H) peptide chains (H2L2) joined to each other by disulfide bonds. These peptide chains are composed of amino acids that have oligosaccharides in their side chains and thus antibodies are considered to be glycoproteins.
Figure: Structure of antibody molecule
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, mostly with hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio 2:1. Oligosaccharides present in the immunoglobulins are carbohydrates but as they are associated with amino acids in the peptide chain, they are characterised as glycoproteins and not as carbohydrates.
Lipids are esters of long chain fatty acids and glycerol. They are important components of living membranes.
The prostaglandins are a group of lipids that control processes such as inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots at sites of tissue damage or infection. Antibodies are not made up of lipids and hence they cannot be prostaglandins.
Glycoproteins are the peptide chains (group of amino acids) attached to the oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are the carbohydrate molecules that are composed of around 2-10 simple monosaccharide units.
Antibodies or immunoglobulins are complex glycoproteins as they possess carbohydrate molecules along with protein in their structure.
They are produced by B-lymphocytes that are present in the blood and lymph and provide immunity against specific antigens (foreign bodies that are capable of generating an immune response in the body).
B-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells with non-granular cytoplasm that originate and mature in the bone marrow.
Each antibody has a Y shaped structure made up of two short light (L) peptide chains and two long heavy (H) peptide chains (H2L2) joined to each other by disulfide bonds. These peptide chains are composed of amino acids that have oligosaccharides in their side chains and thus antibodies are considered to be glycoproteins.
Figure: Structure of antibody molecule Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, mostly with hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio 2:1. Oligosaccharides present in the immunoglobulins are carbohydrates but as they are associated with amino acids in the peptide chain, they are characterised as glycoproteins and not as carbohydrates.
Lipids are esters of long chain fatty acids and glycerol. They are important components of living membranes.
The prostaglandins are a group of lipids that control processes such as inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots at sites of tissue damage or infection. Antibodies are not made up of lipids and hence they cannot be prostaglandins.
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