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Question

___________ arose as a reaction to capitalism.

A
Socialism
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B
Industrialisation
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C
Urbanisation
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D
Factory system
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Solution

The correct option is A Socialism
Socialism is an ideology that developed as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. Efficient machine production led to quick profits, which in turn, led to the exploitation of workers. Advocates of socialism spoke about saving the working class from this exploitation; some, like Robert Owen, even attempted to help such people on their own. In his cotton mill in New Lanark, he promoted communal living for poor people and workers.

Industrialisation refers to the process of mechanisation taking over production.

Urbanisation refers to the city-life and progressive culture that developed as a consequence of industrialisation.

The factory system refers to the system of mass production, as a result of factories, which in turn, developed due to mechanisation.

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