Question

Arrange the following elements in the order of negative inductive effect :${{\mathrm{NH}}_3}^{+},{\mathrm{NO}}_2,\mathrm{CN},\mathrm{CHO},\mathrm{CO},\mathrm{COOH},{\mathrm{CONH}}_2,\mathrm{F},\mathrm{Cl},\mathrm{Br},\mathrm{I},\mathrm{OH},\mathrm{OR},{\mathrm{NH}}_2,\mathrm{COCl},{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5,{\mathrm{HSO}}_3\mathrm{H}$

Answer 1

Inductive effect:

• Whenever an electron-releasing or electron-drawing entity is inserted into an atom chain (typically a carbon chain), the atoms that belong to it convey the associated negative or positive charge across the carbon chain.
• The creation of a constant dipole in the molecule causes the inductive effect.

Negative Inductive Effect:

• Whenever an electronegative component, such as a halogen, is introduced into a chain of atoms (often carbon atoms), the imbalanced sharing of electrons yielded a positive charge that is carried throughout the chain.
• The ensuing action is known as the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, or the -I effect, since it causes the formation of an irreversible dipole in the molecule, with the electronegative atom carrying a negative charge.

Arranging in the order of negative inductive effect:

• The lower the pull of the negative Inductive effect, the higher the electronegativity of the functional group linked.
• ${{\mathrm{NH}}_3}^{+}>{\mathrm{NO}}_2>{\mathrm{SO}}_3\mathrm{H}>\mathrm{CHO}>\mathrm{CO}>\mathrm{COOH}>\mathrm{COCl}>{\mathrm{CONH}}_2>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{Cl}>\mathrm{Br}>\mathrm{I}>\mathrm{OH}>\mathrm{OR}>{\mathrm{NH}}_2>{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5>\mathrm{H}$

So order of negative inductive effect is ${{\mathrm{NH}}_3}^{+}>{\mathrm{NO}}_2>{\mathrm{SO}}_3\mathrm{H}>\mathrm{CHO}>\mathrm{CO}>\mathrm{COOH}>\mathrm{COCl}>{\mathrm{CONH}}_2>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{Cl}>\mathrm{Br}>\mathrm{I}>\mathrm{OH}>\mathrm{OR}>{\mathrm{NH}}_2>{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5>\mathrm{H}$