Question

Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by

• A. spore formation
• B. fragmentation of thalli or gemmae
• C. budding
• D. both b & c

Answer 1

The correct option is B fragmentation of thalli or gemmae

Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli, or by the formation of specialised structures called gemmae. Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli. The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

Spores are diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce haploid cells that germinate to form gametophyte.
Asexual reproduction by formation of bud (budding) is seen in mosses.