Assertion (A) Phenols give o-and p-nitrophenol on nitration with conc. $H N O_{3} a n d H_{2} S O_{4}$ mixture.
Reason (R) - OH group in phenol is o-,p-directing.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(e) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion.

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Solution

Answer: (d). The assertion is a wrong statement but the reason is a correct statement.
Correct Assertion (A): Phenols reacts with conc. $H N O_{3}$ , it gives 2,4, 6-trinitrophenol and

reaction with dil. $H N O_{3}$ to give ortho- and para-nitrophenol at 298 K.

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Reason (R) Bromine polarises in carbon disulphide.
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Assertion (A) Ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol.
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Assertion (A) IUPAC name of the compund
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Assertion (A) o-nitrophenol is less soluble in water than the m- and p-isomers.
Reason (R) m and p-nitrophenols exist as associated molecules.
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(b) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
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Assertion (A) p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R) Nitro group helps in the stabilisation of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(e) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion.

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Answer: (d). The assertion is a wrong statement but the reason is a correct statement. Correct Assertion (A): Phenols reacts with conc. HNO3 , it gives 2,4, 6-trinitrophenol and reaction with dil. HNO3 to give ortho- and para-nitrophenol at 298 K.

Answer: (d). The assertion is a wrong statement but the reason is a correct statement.
Correct Assertion (A): Phenols reacts with conc. $H N O_{3}$ , it gives 2,4, 6-trinitrophenol and

reaction with dil. $H N O_{3}$ to give ortho- and para-nitrophenol at 298 K.