Assertion (A): The driving force or primary source of energy for most of the ecosystems on Earth is the same.
Reason (R): Except for the deep sea hydrothermal ecosystem, the sun is the only source of energy.
Assertion (A): The driving force or primary source of energy for most of the ecosystems on Earth is the same.
Reason (R): Except for the deep sea hydrothermal ecosystem, the sun is the only source of energy.
The correct option is A Both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
The sun is the only source of energy for all ecosystems on Earth. Of all the radiation reaching Earth, less than 50% of it is photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and autotrophic organisms are able to make food from simple inorganic materials using this energy. So, directly or indirectly all organisms are dependent on producers (green plants, algae) for their food or energy.
Hence assertion is a true statement.
The producers pass on the energy to the consumers like herbivores (primary consumers like goats) which are further eaten up by secondary consumers or primary carnivores (fox) and so on. Hence, the trapped energy in the producers is passed on to the consumers or if the organism dies it becomes part of the detritus food chain.
Deep sea hydrothermal ecosystems are an exception to the dependence of organisms on the radiation from the Sun directly or indirectly for energy. These ecosystems have extreme temperatures and pressures, toxic minerals and they lack sunlight. The bacteria living in such ecosystems convert the toxic minerals or sulphur compounds and heat into food and energy and the process is known as chemosynthesis.
Many animals rely on their presence for survival, including deep sea mussels, giant tube worms, crabs, fishes, etc., from the next trophic levels.
Hence both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
The sun is the only source of energy for all ecosystems on Earth. Of all the radiation reaching Earth, less than 50% of it is photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and autotrophic organisms are able to make food from simple inorganic materials using this energy. So, directly or indirectly all organisms are dependent on producers (green plants, algae) for their food or energy.
Hence assertion is a true statement.
The producers pass on the energy to the consumers like herbivores (primary consumers like goats) which are further eaten up by secondary consumers or primary carnivores (fox) and so on. Hence, the trapped energy in the producers is passed on to the consumers or if the organism dies it becomes part of the detritus food chain.
Deep sea hydrothermal ecosystems are an exception to the dependence of organisms on the radiation from the Sun directly or indirectly for energy. These ecosystems have extreme temperatures and pressures, toxic minerals and they lack sunlight. The bacteria living in such ecosystems convert the toxic minerals or sulphur compounds and heat into food and energy and the process is known as chemosynthesis.
Many animals rely on their presence for survival, including deep sea mussels, giant tube worms, crabs, fishes, etc., from the next trophic levels.
Hence both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
