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Question
Assertion : Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
Reason : Only 10% of energy from an organism is transferred to the next trophic level while the remaining is lost.
Assertion : Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
Reason : Only 10% of energy from an organism is transferred to the next trophic level while the remaining is lost.
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Solution
The correct option is B Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion
Thermodynamics is the branch of science that deals with the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy.
The laws of thermodynamics describe the changes of energy in a system (organism) and whether the system can perform useful work on its surroundings.
Law of conservation of energy is the first law of thermodynamics which states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy can only be converted from one form to another and there is a tendency towards disorder or entropy. During this process some of the energy is lost to the environment.
In a food chain, there is an order of events, where one living organism eats another organism, and later that organism is consumed by another larger organism.
Different organisms occupy different levels in the food chain and each level is referred to as trophic levels. Transfer of energy in different levels of food chain follow the laws of thermodynamics.
During this process:
- The energy is being transferred from one trophic level to the next in the food chain. This energy transfer or flow follows the law of conservation of energy.
- Producers obtain energy from the sun (light energy) and fix it in the form of chemical energy (carbohydrates). So this mechanism follows the first law of thermodynamics.
- During this transfer, only 10% of energy from an organism is transferred to the next trophic level whereas the remaining is lost to the environment or surroundings (II law of thermodynamics).
For example, energy produced by a plant is not exactly transferred to a herbivore (deer) instead some part of it is lost by the plant during respiration to carry out its own activities. When herbivores transfer energy to a carnivore (lion), a part of energy is lost via respiration and excretion by herbivores and only 10% is transferred to the carnivore.
Hence both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion
Thermodynamics is the branch of science that deals with the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy.
The laws of thermodynamics describe the changes of energy in a system (organism) and whether the system can perform useful work on its surroundings.
Law of conservation of energy is the first law of thermodynamics which states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy can only be converted from one form to another and there is a tendency towards disorder or entropy. During this process some of the energy is lost to the environment.
In a food chain, there is an order of events, where one living organism eats another organism, and later that organism is consumed by another larger organism.
Different organisms occupy different levels in the food chain and each level is referred to as trophic levels. Transfer of energy in different levels of food chain follow the laws of thermodynamics.
During this process:
- The energy is being transferred from one trophic level to the next in the food chain. This energy transfer or flow follows the law of conservation of energy.
- Producers obtain energy from the sun (light energy) and fix it in the form of chemical energy (carbohydrates). So this mechanism follows the first law of thermodynamics.
- During this transfer, only 10% of energy from an organism is transferred to the next trophic level whereas the remaining is lost to the environment or surroundings (II law of thermodynamics).
Hence both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion
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