Assertion :The process of speciations occurs in allopatric populations. Reason: The sympatric species can arise either due to changes in the chromosome number or due to introgressive hybridization and polyploidy.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

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Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

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Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

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Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

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Solution

The correct option is B Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
Reproductive isolation brought about by geographical isolation creates allopatric species which are now present in different geographical regions. Accumulation of substantial differences in the isolated population and genetic drift/ natural selection leads to speciation through allopatry. Individuals of a population present in the same geographical area are reproductively isolated from polyploidy and forms new species termed as sympatric species. Hence, sympatric speciation is based on the instantaneous appearance of mutation. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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