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Question

Assign reason for the following:
(i) H3PO2 is a stronger reducing agent than H3PO4.
(ii) Sulphur shows more tendency for catenation than Oxygen.
(iii) Reducing character increases from HF to HI.


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Solution

(i) Due to pressure on P - H bond, H3PO2 is a stronger reducing agent than H3PO4 which does not have P - H bond.
(ii) Due to the small size, the lone pairs on the O atoms repel the bond pair of the O - O bond to a greater extent that the lone pairs of electrons on the S atom in S - S bond. As a result, S - S bond is stronger than O - O bond.
(iii) Since the bond dissociation enthalpy of HX bond increases from HF to HI as the size of atom increases from F to I. Therefore, the reducing character increases from HF to HI.

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