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Question

At the end point, there is a sharp change of colour in the indicator. This happens because the

A
pH at end point-changes sharply
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B
Structure of the indicator changes
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C
Colour of indicator is adsorbed by water
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D
Dissociation constant of acids and base differ by 10
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Solution

The correct options are
C pH at end point-changes sharply
D Structure of the indicator changes
An acid & base indicator is a substance which changes it's colour within limits with variation in pH of the solution to which it is added. Indicators, in general, are either organic weak acids or weak bases with the characteristics of having different colours in the ionized and unionized form e.g. phenolphthalein is a weak acid (ionized form is pink and unionized form is colourless).

An indicator is appropriate for a given titration if the rapid change of pH at equivalence overlaps the pH range of the indicator.

The colour change is due to ionization of the acid-base indicator. The unionized form has a different colour than the ionized form.

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